通用飞行教程汇总-微软模拟飞行2020空中客车A320Neo通用教程

时间：2023-12-08 13:02 来源：西西手机下载作者：冷库黄

空中客车A320Neo是市面上非常热门的机型,在本次微软模拟飞行2020中也有收录,下面就为玩家们带来该机型的通用飞行教程,供各位用户们参考。sA320Neo通用教程

本文转自 bilibili 冷库黄专栏

A320初学者教程

空中客车A320是一架非常复杂的现代客机，在全球机场中非常普遍。您过去曾经乘坐这架飞机的机率很高。这架飞机的Aerofly模拟非常复杂，但是由于飞机的自动化，它也非常适合初学者。

我们将本教程分为几个部分，首先，我们将进行简短的介绍，以解释您在Aerofly中将A320从一个地方飞往另一个地方必须要做的基本事情。之后，我们将更详细地介绍这架飞机，以探索所提供的所有功能。

起飞

在主菜单中，单击开始按钮以开始飞行。

起飞检查之前

您现在应该可以看到A320的驾驶舱，一切准备就绪。请将您的飞机状态与以下屏幕截图的突出显示区域进行比较。请快速验证以下各项：

您前面的显示屏以蓝色显示“ CLB”和“ NAV”。

如中央显示屏所示，襟翼设置为“ 1 + F”

TO清单全是绿色，没有蓝色

在自动驾驶仪面板中，所有内容都用虚线(-*)表示，并且高度窗口中显示12000(屈服或飞行2000英尺)。

飞机在跑道上时，所有这些都应完成。如前所述，如果有任何东西看起来不对，请再次将飞机设置到跑道开始位置。如果您有襟翼或扰流板的模拟输入，请确保将其设置为起飞位置!

起飞

起飞必须手动飞行。

将油门输入调至最大。

使用方向舵保持中心线，为此只需很少的输入。

当空速达到蓝色圆圈时，轻轻向后拉动升降机以抬起机头。继续轻轻向上拉，直到绿色的水平杆居中，向左倾斜约18度。

升起起落架

按键盘上的“ g”键或单击变速杆以缩回起落架。

要么

单击变速杆或按住鼠标左键并向上移动鼠标以向上拖动变速杆。

自动驾驶开启

按键盘上的“z”键或按自动驾驶仪(AP1)按钮。

收起落架开启自动驾驶

爬升

LVR CLB闪烁

At about 1000 feet above the runway a white “LVR CLB” (lever climb) text will start flashing on the primary flight display in front of you. At this point the thrust should reduced for climb thrust because the engines can only maintain the takeoff thrust for about 5 minutes before they are starting to degrade and take damage from the heat and vibrations. In the Aerofly the engines won't fail because of this (not yet anyway) but the autopilot won't be able to control engine thrust if you leave it like this.

在跑道上方约1000英尺处，白色“ LVR CLB”(操纵杆爬升)字母将开始在您前面的主要飞行显示器上闪烁。此时，应将爬升推力的推力减小，因为发动机在开始退化并受到热量和振动的损害之前，只能将起飞推力保持约5分钟。在Aerofly中，发动机不会因此而失效(无论如何)，但是如果您这样将其保持下去，自动驾驶仪将无法控制发动机推力。

减少爬升推力

Slowly move back your throttle input until the flashing LVR CLB message disappears.

Note - If the green text above says “THR LVR” and “LVR CLB” is flashing in white you have pulled back to far. Advance the thrust again by a bit.

The green text in the top left corner of the display should now show “THR CLB”.

If you look at the thrust levers in the cockpit it is quite clear where you need to position your throttle input. The levers should snap to the climb “CLB” detent and will remain there until we are literally seconds before touch down.

缓慢移回油门输入，直到闪烁的LVR CLB消息消失。

注 -如果上面的绿色文本显示“ THR LVR”和“ LVR CLB”以白色闪烁，则表示您已经拉远了。将推力再向前一点。

显示屏左上角的绿色文本现在应显示为“ THR CLB”。

如果您查看驾驶舱中的推力杆，则很清楚需要将油门输入置于何处。操纵杆应卡在爬升“ CLB”点上，并保持在那里，直到我们真正降落几秒钟后。

襟翼缩回

Once the airspeed is above the green -S (slat retraction) speed we can safely retract the flaps and slats.

Either hold down the left mouse button and move the mouse to drag the flap lever

Use your scroll wheel whilst pointing at the lever to retract set the flap lever to the forward position. You can also use the default key assignments for this (Shift + F) or your assigned inputs.

一旦空速超过绿色的-S(前缘缝翼缩回)速度，我们就可以安全地缩回襟翼和前缘缝翼。

倾斜并享受

自动驾驶仪现在正在飞行，我们有一点休息时间。我们要做的下一件事就是在开始下降之前。您可以暂时更换相机并环顾四周。这次飞行不是很长，所以不要玩太久。

巡航

The autopilot will stop climbing at the selected altitude, which is 12000 ft for our flight. The primary flight display should now show in green: “SPEED”, “ALT CRZ” and “NAV” as seen on the screenshot below. You can start with the descent preparations as soon as “ALT CRZ” is shown in green in the second column of the primary flight display.

自动驾驶仪将在选定的高度停止飞行，该高度是我们飞行的12000英尺 (巡航高度应该)。主飞行显示器现在应显示为绿色：“ SPEED”，“ ALT CRZ”和“ NAV”，如以下屏幕截图所示。一旦在主飞行显示屏的第二列中以绿色显示“ ALT CRZ”，您就可以开始下降准备。

TOD (Top of Descent)箭头

A320导航显示屏上出现白色箭头。该白色箭头标记了下降开始的点，即所谓的下降点顶部。

降低所选海拔

For the upcoming descent we have to select a lower altitude for the autopilot.

Move the mouse cursor over the altitude knob of the autopilot. Scroll down to decrease the selected altitude value to 2000 ft. Don't click or press anything at this point.

对于即将到来的下降，我们必须为自动驾驶仪选择较低的高度。

将鼠标光标移到自动驾驶仪的高度旋钮上。向下滚动以将选定的高度值减小到2000 ft。此时不要单击或按下任何东西。

开始下降

When the white arrow comes really close to our aircraft symbol you should initiate the descent. Unlike the Boeing 747 for example the Airbus A320 won't descent automatically.

Click the altitude knob with the left mouse button to push it in.

当白色箭头确实接近我们的飞机符号时，您应该开始下降。例如，与波音747不同，空中客车A320不会自动下降。

用鼠标左键单击高度旋钮将其推入。

下降

The autopilot will command idle thrust in the descent and tries to match the magenta target speed range and the green altitude target by just pitching up and down. When too high the autopilot flies a bit faster and with the increased drag it can catch up to the profile.

自动驾驶仪将在下降时命令空转IDLE推力，并尝试通过上下倾斜来匹配洋红色目标速度范围和绿色高度目标。太高时，自动驾驶仪会飞得更快，并且随着阻力的增加，它可以匹配你的飞行计划。

显示ILS

Click the “LS” button in the glare shield to display the ILS localizer and glide slope on the primary flight display.

Note - Depending on how far you are to the runway only the scale for the localizer and glide slope will show up but no magenta needles can be seen. This is normal because the ILS ground stations only have limited range and we can't receive them yet.

单击眩光护罩中的“ LS”按钮，以在主要飞行显示器上显示ILS定位器和滑行坡度。

注意 -根据您到跑道的距离，只会显示定位器和滑行坡度的比例，但看不到洋红色的针。这是正常现象，因为ILS地面站的射程有限，我们还无法接收到它们。

进近

Let the aircraft descent until you reach 5000 to 4000 feet. We are now going to prepare the approach into San Francisco. Luckily for this there is actually barely anything to do in the A320.

At this point the ILS should be automatically tuned and you can see magenta arrows for the ILS localizer and glide slope deflections on the primary flight display in front of you as highlighted on the next screenshot.

让飞机下降直到您到达Approach起点的英尺。

此时，应该自动调整ILS，并且在您前面的主要飞行显示屏上，您可以看到ILS定位器 LOC 的洋红色箭头和下滑道偏斜 G/S，在下一个屏幕截图中突出显示。

Arm ILS方法

在自动驾驶仪面板上，单击进近按钮(“ APPR”)。

Arm 自动刹车

单击AUTO BRK(自动制动)面板上的“ LO”按钮。

进近速度

When passing the magenta “D” point on the map the aircraft will start to decelerate to approach speed. In managed speed mode the speed will be kept high until you select more flaps. Watch the speed target of the autopilot on the primary flight display. It switches to 135 knots on the display. However the auto-thrust system will not allow you to fly slower than the green dot speed at this point. When you extend flaps further than the speed minimum is reduced to -S, -F and finally the approach speed.

通过地图上的洋红色“ D”点时，飞机将开始减速到进近速度。在管理速度模式下，速度将保持较高，直到您选择更高的襟翼为止。在主要飞行显示器上观看自动驾驶仪的速度目标。显示屏上切换为135节。但是，此时自动推力系统不允许您以低于绿点速度的速度飞行。当您将襟翼进一步伸展时，最小速度将降低为-S，-F，最后是接近速度。

襟翼1 Flap 1

Let the aircraft decelerate to this green dot speed. Make sure that the airspeed is below the two amber bars that mark the maximum airspeed for the next flap. Then select Flaps 1.

Press the default key command “F” or any of your assigned control inputs for the flaps

Point at the flaps lever or hold down the left mouse button and move the mouse to drag the flap lever to the first position

Use the mouse wheel whilst pointing at the flap lever to increase the flap setting.

Now the speed is allowed to drop to the -S speed (slat retraction speed). If you wanted to retract the flaps for some reason you could do so safely because the speed is kept high enough.

让飞机减速到这个绿点速度。确保空速低于标记为的两个琥珀色条= (下一个襟翼的最大空速)之下。然后选择襟翼1。

按默认键盘命令“ F7”或襟翼的任何分配控制输入

要么

指向襟翼杆或按住鼠标左键并移动鼠标，将襟翼杆拖动到第一位置

要么

用鼠标滚轮指向襟翼杆，同时增加襟翼设置。

现在，速度可以降至-S速度(前缘缝翼缩回速度)。如果出于某种原因想要收回襟翼，则可以安全进行，因为速度保持足够高。

启动第二自动驾驶 AP2

点击AP2按钮 (试一试，可能不能用)

Localizer捕获

The autopilot will capture the localizer needle and steer us to the runway laterally. The primary flight display will show “LOC *” followed by “LOC” in the top row. No action required.

自动驾驶仪将捕获定位针，并将我们横向引导至跑道。主航班显示屏将在第一行显示“ LOC *” 或是在第二行显示白色“LOC”，然后在第一行显示绿色“ LOC”。无需采取任何措施。

襟翼2

When your airspeed matches the -S speed you are slow enough for the next flap setting. As shown for the first stage of flap, use the mouse wheel over the flap lever or use the shortcut “f” or other methods to increase flaps to two.

当空速与-S速度匹配时，对于下一个襟翼设置，您的速度足够慢。如襟翼第一阶段所示，在襟翼杆上使用鼠标滚轮或使用快捷键“ f”或其他方法将襟翼增加到两个。

打开起落架

When the glide slope diamond moves towards the center of the scale the autopilot will capture it because we armed the approach earlier. Now is a good time to select the gear down and help us decrease the speed further and get it to the -F, flap retraction speed in case of go-around.

Click the gear lever

Use the mouse wheel over the gear lever

Point at the gear lever and hold down the left mouse button and then move the mouse down to drag the lever

Press any of your assigned control inputs for the gear (default key “g”)

当G/S 菱形移向刻度尺的中心时，自动驾驶仪将捕获它，因为我们提前武装了APPR。现在是选择降下起落架的好时机，帮助我们进一步降低速度，并使其达到-F，即复飞时襟翼缩回速度。

按下为齿轮分配的任何控制输入(默认键“ g”)

襟翼3，襟翼满 Flaps 3, Flaps Full

When the airspeed dropped to the -F speed you can select the flaps from 2 to full.

当空速降至-F速度时，您可以从2到全开选择襟翼。

着陆检查清单

Let's quickly check that we didn't forget anything. The A320 has a nice built in checklist for this. Check that there are no blue items remaining on that list.

The aircraft is now prepared for a fully automatic landing.

Tip - If you want to return to this state you can exit to the main menu, then open the location dialog and click the yellow aircraft symbol on the map approaching San Francisco Runway 28R.

让我们快速检查一下，我们没有忘记什么。A320为此内置了一个不错的清单。检查该列表上是否没有剩余的蓝色项目。(现在的MSFS 2020应该还没有这一项)

现在飞机已经准备好进行全自动着陆。

提示 -如果要返回此状态，可以退出主菜单，然后打开位置对话框，并在接近旧金山28R跑道的地图上单击黄色的飞机符号。

Flare

The autopilot will start the flare at about 30 ft above the runway and will try to touch down gently. At ten feet you should retard your throttle to idle.

自动驾驶仪将在跑道上方约50英尺处开始Flare，并尝试轻巧的着陆。在十英尺处，应将油门转至怠速位置。(或是低于一定高度后关闭AP来手动进行最终着陆，20英尺切怠速，后轮着地可开反推)

降落，脱离自动驾驶仪

The auto-brake slows us down and we come to a complete stop on the runway.

Press the autopilot disengage button if you have it assigned or click the side stick of to your left to kick out the autopilot.

To be able to vacate the runway advance your throttle a bit, this should also disengage the auto-brake.

Congratulations, you just completed your first A320 flight and landed in San Francisco!

自动刹车使我们减速，我们在跑道上完全停下来。

按下自动驾驶脱离按钮(如果已启用)，或单击左侧的侧杆以踢出自动驾驶。

为了能够腾出跑道，将油门提前一点，这也应该使自动制动脱离

A320高级教程

We just experienced how easy it can be to fly an airliner with all the automation helping us. But we sort of skipped the whole procedures for setting up a flight plan with the on-board computers (MCDU), preparing the aircraft for takeoff and all the checklists and the powerful auto-flight (autopilot+auto-thrust) system.

我们刚刚体验了借助所有自动化技术帮助我们轻松驾驶一架客机的过程。但是，我们略过了用机载计算机(MCDU)制定飞行计划，为飞机准备起飞以及所有检查清单以及强大的自动飞行(自动驾驶+自动推力)系统的整个程序。

A320自动驾驶仪简介

The Airbus A320 autopilot in the Aerofly FS 2 is an realistic simulation of the real world autopilot. Therefor you can also refer to A320 autopilot videos, other descriptions or tutorials or the flight crew operating manual (FCOM) if you need to. We're going to provide an overview of what the autopilot buttons do.

The flight control unit (FCU) is the interface between the pilots and the flight guidance system (autopilot, flight management). It consists of four knobs that can be turned, pulled out and pushed.

Aerofly FS 2中的空中客车A320自动驾驶仪是对现实世界自动驾驶仪的真实模拟。因此，如果需要，您还可以参考A320自动驾驶仪视频，其他说明或教程或机组人员操作手册(FCOM)。我们将概述自动驾驶仪按钮的功能。

飞行控制单元(FCU)是飞行员与飞行制导系统(自动驾驶仪，飞行管理)之间的接口。它由四个旋钮组成，可以旋转，拉出和推动。

飞行主管(FD)和飞行模式信号器

自动驾驶(AP)大师

The autopilot actuates the elevator, ailerons and spoiler and rudder to steer the aircraft laterally and vertically. The elevator is used to control the pitch attitude of the aircraft to climb and descent. The ailerons, spoilers and rudder is used to bank the aircraft and fly coordinated turns.

•Push the autopilot button 1 or 2 to engage one of the two autopilots. Only for a fully automated landing with ILS would two autopilots be engaged at the same time.

The state of the autopilot is shown in the top right of the primary flight display (PFD). The PFD either shows AP1 or AP2 or AP 1+2 when the autopilot(s) are engaged.

The lateral and vertical mode that the autopilot is operating in is displayed at the top of the primary flight display in the second (vertical mode) and third column (lateral mode).

自动驾驶仪可驱动升降舵，副翼，扰流板和方向舵，以横向和垂直操纵飞机。升降舵用于控制飞机的俯仰姿态以进行爬升和下降。副翼，扰流板和方向舵用于使飞机倾斜并协调转弯飞行。

•按下自动驾驶仪按钮1或2以接合两个自动驾驶仪之一。只有使用ILS进行全自动着陆时，才能同时使用两个自动驾驶仪。

自动驾驶仪的状态显示在主要飞行显示器(PFD)的右上方。启用自动驾驶仪后，PFD会显示AP1或AP2或AP 1 + 2。

自动驾驶仪操作的横向和纵向模式在第二行(垂直模式)和第三列(横向模式)上显示在主要飞行显示器的顶部。

自动推力(A / THR)主控

The Auto-Thrust (A/THR) (a.k.a. auto-throttle in other aircraft) controls the thrust to the engines. Depending on what the flight director vertical mode is the engine thrust is either constantly adjusted to maintain a target airspeed or the thrust is advanced to full climb thrust for a climb or retarded to idle thrust for a descent.

•Push the A/THR button to arm the auto thrust system

•Move the thrust levers to the climb detent to activate it.

The state of the auto thrust system is displayed in the top right corner of the primary flight display (PFD). When the text A/THR is in white color then the auto thrust is active. When the text is in cyan/blue the auto thrust has been armed but is currently not operating, e.g. because the pilot still has the thrust levers at idle or above the CLB detent (MCT with one engine failed). Setting the thrust levers into the climb detent changed the auto thrust state from armed to engaged.

The active thrust mode is shown in the top left corner of the PFD, in the first column. When it shows SPEED then the auto thrust system is controlling the airspeed and varies the thrust command to the engines accordingly. THR CLB or THR IDLE are shown when climb or idle thrust is commanded to the engines. When the mode shows MAN TOGA or MAN MCT or MAN FLX then the auto thrust is not active, you are manually overriding it with the thrust lever.

自动推力(A / THR)(在其他飞机上也称为自动油门)控制发动机的推力。根据飞行指导者垂直模式的不同，可以不断调整发动机推力以维持目标空速，或者将推力推进至全爬升推力以进行爬升，或者推迟至空转推力以进行下降。

•按下A / THR按钮武装自动推力系统

•将推力杆移动到爬升制动器上以将其启动。

自动推力系统的状态显示在主飞行显示器(PFD)的右上角。当文本A / THR为白色时，自动推力处于激活状态。当文本为青色/蓝色时，自动推力已Arm，但当前未运行，例如，因为飞行员仍将推力杆置于空转或高于CLB定位器(一台发动机的MCT发生故障)。将推力杆设置到爬升制动器中会将自动推力状态从装备状态更改为接合状态。

主动推力模式显示在PFD的左上角第一栏中。当显示SPEED时，自动推力系统将控制空速并相应地改变对发动机的推力指令。当向发动机发出爬升或怠速推力指令时，将显示THR CLB或THR IDLE。当模式显示MAN TOGA或MAN MCT或MAN FLX时，自动推力未激活，您正在用推力杆手动覆盖它。

垂直模式和自动推力之间的相互作用

If you select a vertical mode like CLB or OP CLB by pushing or pulling the altitude knob the auto-thrust system will increase the engine thrust to climb thrust (THR CLB) and maintain that. The autopilot will then pitch up to keep the speed target. This means the autopilot is controlling the speed with the climb angle now and the engines are just producing the maximum climb thrust.

When you reach the target altitude the autopilot will capture the altitude (ALT*) and then maintain it (ALT). When this happens the auto-thrust switches back to SPEED mode and change the engine thrust to maintain the speed target again. Now the auto-thrust controls the speed again and the autopilot maintains the altitude.

A similar thing happens during the descent. If you have DES or OP DES engaged the auto thrust will retard the thrust to idle (THR IDLE) and the autopilot pitches down to keep the airspeed target. So again the autopilot is controlling the speed and the auto-thrust is just keeping a fixed thrust value, in this case idle. Once the aircraft has descended to the target altitude the auto-thrust controls the speed again and the autopilot switches to altitude hold.

Note - This works pretty well if you have the autopilot and auto-thrust engaged. If you control either of them manually you have to be careful because you as a pilot then need to make sure that the airspeed is kept within limits. Imaging the engines going to full throttle but you don't pull up to keep the airspeed. Or the engines go to idle and stay there but you don't pitch the nose down. This can get out of hand quickly. This is why most airlines require the pilots to either use both: AP and A/THR or neither. Or at least make sure that for landing the auto-thrust is indeed controlling speed and no longer keeping idle thrust.

如果通过推动或拉动高度旋钮来选择垂直模式(如CLB或OP CLB)，则自动推力系统将增加发动机推力至爬升推力(THR CLB)并保持不变。然后，自动驾驶仪将加速以保持目标速度。这意味着自动驾驶仪现在通过爬升角来控制速度，而发动机仅产生最大的爬升推力。

当您达到目标高度时，自动驾驶仪将捕获高度(ALT *)，然后保持高度(ALT)。发生这种情况时，自动推力将切换回SPEED模式，并更改发动机推力以再次保持速度目标。现在，自动推力再次控制速度，自动驾驶仪保持高度。

在下降期间也会发生类似的情况。如果您使用了DES或OP DES，则自动推力将使推力延迟至怠速状态(THR IDLE)，并且自动驾驶仪的俯仰角将降低以保持空速目标。因此，自动驾驶仪仍在控制速度，自动推力仅保持固定的推力值，在这种情况下为空转。飞机下降到目标高度后，自动推力将再次控制速度，自动驾驶仪将切换到高度保持状态。

注意 -如果您启用了自动驾驶仪和自动推力，这将非常有效。如果您手动控制它们之一，则必须小心，因为作为飞行员，您需要确保空速保持在限制范围内。想像一下发动机将要全开油门，但是您不会拉高以保持空速。否则，发动机会进入怠速状态并停留在那里，但是您不会降低机鼻。这会很快失控。这就是为什么大多数航空公司要求飞行员同时使用：AP和A / THR或两者都不使用的原因。或至少要确保降落时自动推力确实在控制速度，而不再保持空转推力。

管理/选定模式

Generally speaking, if a knob is pushed in the control is handed over to the automation in the managed mode. The field becomes dashed and a dot appears next to it (triple dash and a dot). Then the autopilot will use the flight plan as a reference.

If a knob is pulled out we gain manual control and can change the target values ourselves in the selected mode. If we pull the speed knob for example the speed window opens with the current airspeed and we can then turn the knob to change the selected speed.

一般而言，如果按下旋钮，则控制将以托管模式移交给自动化。该字段变为虚线，并在其旁边出现一个点(三点划线和一个点)。然后，自动驾驶仪会将飞行计划作为参考。

如果拉出旋钮，我们将获得手动控制，并且可以在所选模式下自行更改目标值。例如，如果我们拉动速度旋钮，速度窗口会以当前空速打开，然后我们可以旋转旋钮以更改选定的速度。

速度旋钮

Push the speed knob to use the route speed as computed by the flight management computers. The speed will automatically change throughout the flight and the autopilot will fly the aircraft accordingly. When there is no flight plan it won't do anything (unless you're already on approach).

Pull the speed knob to set the autopilot target airspeed manually. Turn the knob to change the selected speed.

Depending on the vertical mode the autopilot is either pitching the airplane up or down to keep the target speed or it is using the auto thrust to keep the speed.

按下速度旋钮以使用由飞行管理计算机计算的航线速度。速度将在整个飞行过程中自动改变，自动驾驶仪将相应地飞行飞机。如果没有飞行计划，它什么也不会做(除非您已经在进场)。

拉动速度旋钮以手动设置自动驾驶仪目标空速。旋转旋钮以更改所选速度。

根据垂直模式，自动驾驶仪会向上或向下俯仰以保持目标速度，或者正在使用自动推力来保持速度。

航向旋钮

Push the heading knob in to arm and capture the flight route laterally. This allows the aircraft to turn left and right according to the programmed flight plan and steer towards the destination on its own in NAV mode. When there is no flight plan nearby the autopilot will keep flying on the selected heading, only when you intercept the flight plan will it capture the flight plan.

Pull the heading knob to fly a selected heading in HDG mode. Turn the knob left or right to change the target heading, the aircraft will turn towards that left or right.

向内按下航向旋钮以武装并横向捕获飞行路线。这允许飞机根据编程的飞行计划向左和向右转，并以NAV模式自行转向目的地。当附近没有飞行计划时，自动驾驶仪将继续在所选标题上飞行，只有当您拦截飞行计划时，它才会捕获飞行计划。

拉动航向旋钮以在HDG模式下飞行选定的航向。向左或向右旋转旋钮可更改目标航向，飞机将向左或向右转向。

高度旋钮

Turn the knob to set a new target altitude that the autopilot is allowed to fly to.

Pushing the altitude knob performs a managed climb (CLB) or descent (DES) towards the selected altitude when you have a route programmed. It does nothing if there is no route nearby and it only works if you are already flying along the route in NAV mode. With this mode the autopilot will automatically level off at altitude constraints if the flight plan requires that.

Pulling the altitude knob tells the autopilot to immediately climb or descent to the selected altitude without any restrictions in open climb (OP CLB) or open descent (OP DES) modes.

旋转旋钮以设置允许自动驾驶仪飞行的新目标高度。

设定了路线后，按海拔高度旋钮可向选定的海拔高度执行受控爬升(CLB)或下降(DES)。如果附近没有路线，它什么也不做，只有在您已经以NAV模式沿着路线飞行时，它才起作用。在这种模式下，如果飞行计划需要，自动驾驶仪将在高度限制条件下自动平放。

拉动高度旋钮，可让自动驾驶仪立即爬升或下降到选定的高度，而在开放爬升(OP CLB)或开放下降(OP DES)模式下没有任何限制。

垂直速度旋钮

Pushing the vertical speed knob is a bit different, as it doesn't put the autopilot into a managed mode. If you push the vertical speed knob the autopilot will immediately level off with vertical speed mode (VS) and maintain 0 ft/min.

Pulling the vertical speed knob also engages the vertical speed mode (VS) but it keeps the vertical speed at time of engagement unless you change the target by turning the knob.

按下垂直速度旋钮有点不同，因为它不会使自动驾驶仪进入托管模式。如果您按下垂直速度旋钮，则自动驾驶仪将立即以垂直速度模式(VS)保持水平，并保持0 ft / min。

拉动垂直速度旋钮也会使垂直速度模式(VS)起作用，但是除非您通过旋转旋钮改变目标，否则它会在接合时保持垂直速度。

EXPED按钮

The expedite button when pressed triggers a rapid climb or descent to the target altitude. For the climb the autopilot pitches up until the speed gets pretty low (green dot speed) and for the descent it pitches down to almost the maximum speed. This button is rarely used in real life but if you need to descent quickly, this is the button you want to use. That and full airbrakes.

按下加速按钮会触发快速爬升或下降到目标高度。对于爬升，自动驾驶仪会逐渐上升直到速度变得非常低(绿点速度)，而对于下降则将其下降到几乎最大速度。该按钮在现实生活中很少使用，但是如果您需要快速下降，则可以使用此按钮。这和完整的刹车。

LOC和APPR

The localizer button (LOC) arms the localizer capture. If there is an ILS localizer signal the autopilot will capture the runway localizer and fly towards the runway. It only steers left and right for this, it doesn't change the vertical mode.

The approach button (APPR) does the same but also arms the glide slope capture. After capturing the localizer (LOC* or LOC), when the glide slope is intercepted, the autopilot will capture it (G/S*) as well and automatically descent to the runway threshold in G/S mode. When LOC and G/S are both captured a fully automatic landing can be performed if the runway allows for that.

At 400 feet above ground the autopilot will switch to LAND mode and no buttons on the flight control unit (FCU) will change that. The only way to leave this mode is to go around or land. At 50 ft the autopilot switches from LAND to FLARE. It will automatically arrest the sink rate, retard the thrust to idle, touch down and roll out. Between twenty and ten feet you need to retard the thrust levers to idle because the auto-spoilers and auto-brakes only engage when the levers are at idle or in reverse.

本地化按钮(LOC)武装本地化捕获。如果有ILS定位器信号，则自动驾驶仪将捕获跑道定位器并飞向跑道。为此，它只会左右转向，而不会改变垂直模式。

接近按钮(APPR)的功能相同，但也可以捕获滑坡坡度。捕获到定位器(LOC *或LOC)后，当滑坡被拦截时，自动驾驶仪也将捕获它(G / S *)，并在G / S模式下自动下降到跑道入口。如果同时捕获了LOC和G / S，则可以执行全自动着陆。

在距地面400英尺处，自动驾驶仪将切换到LAND模式，并且飞行控制单元(FCU)上的任何按钮都不会改变它。离开此模式的唯一方法是复飞或降落。在50英尺处，自动驾驶仪将从LAND切换到FLARE。它将自动阻止下沉速度，将推力延迟至空转，着陆并展开。在20到10英尺之间，您需要使推力杆拨到空转，因为自动扰流板和自动制动器仅在杆空转或倒转时才启用。

速度/马赫切换

At high altitudes the Mach number (speed divided by speed of sound) becomes the relevant speed limit for the aircraft. E.g. the A320 can only fly Mach 0.85 (85% the speed of sound). At such high speeds the sound barrier starts to have an effect and creates a lot of drag. For this reason it becomes more economical to fly at lower indicated airspeeds at a fixed economical mach number (ECON Mach). At the crossover altitude the autopilot therefor automatically transitions from a speed target to a Mach target. SPEED becomes MACH.

The button SPD/MACH allows you to manually switch between the Mach and speed reference after pulling out the speed knob for the selected speed mode.

在高海拔地区，马赫数(速度除以声速)成为飞机的相关速度限制。例如，A320只能飞行0.85马赫(85%的声速)。在如此高的速度下，声屏障开始发挥作用并产生大量阻力。因此，以较低的指示空速以固定的经济马赫数(ECON马赫)飞行更加经济。在交叉高度时，自动驾驶仪会自动从速度目标转换为马赫目标。SPEED变为MACH。

通过按SPD / MACH按钮，可以在拉出所选速度模式的速度旋钮之后手动在Mach和速度参考之间切换。

航向/航迹垂直速度/飞行路径角度切换

The HDG/TRK VS/FPA button switches between a heading and vertical speed reference (where the nose is pointing at and how fast you climb or descent) over to a track and flight path angle reference (where you're actually flying with the wind and at what angle you climb or descent).

The TRK+FPA mode is useful during an approach where you have a bit of crosswind and instead of calculating how much you need to point the nose into the wind to fly where you want to, you just tell the autopilot where you want to fly to in track mode. It automatically compensates the cross wind and keeps the aircraft flying in the same direction.

HDG / TRK VS / FPA按钮可在航向和垂直速度参考(鼻子指向以及您爬升或下降的速度)之间切换到轨迹和飞行路径角度参考(实际上是随风飞行的位置)以及您攀登或下降的角度)。

TRK + FPA模式在有一点侧风的情况下非常有用，您无需告诉自动驾驶仪您想飞向何处，而是计算出将鼻子对准风向飞行所需的飞行距离在跟踪模式下。它会自动补偿侧风并保持飞机向同一方向飞行。(现在MSFS 2020这个按钮并没有启用)

公制高度切换

The METRIC ALT button displays the selected altitude in meters on the primary flight display (PFD) as well as on the bottom of the lower ECAM. In some countries like Russia and China the air traffic control (ATC) uses metric altitudes. So you could be given a clearance to climb to 3000 meters and thanks to the metric altitude display you don't have to guess how many feet that is.

METRIC ALT按钮在主飞行显示器(PFD)以及下部ECAM的底部以米为单位显示选定的高度。在俄罗斯和中国等一些国家，空中交通管制(ATC)使用公制高度。因此，您可以被允许爬升至3000米，并且借助米制的高度显示，您不必猜测那是多少英尺。

100/1000英尺环

高度旋钮的后面有一个环，可以在左侧或右侧设置一个环，以在100到1000英尺之间更改高度选择器的增量。

A320 MCDU简介

The Multipurpose Control and Display Unit (MCDU) is the interface to the flight management computer, which computes the flight plan. In this tutorial we're going to setup a flight plan from Sacramento Intl. (KSMF) to San Francisco Intl. (KSFO) similar to the beginner tutorial above. But this time we're only going to use the cockpit interfaces and not the simulator's menus.

But first we'll provide a brief overview of the MCDU. The Aerofly FS 2 A320 MCDU mainly behaves like the real world counterpart. Some functions are not available yet but this can be change in the future.

Pages in the MCDU include for example the Direct-To page, Progress, Performance, Init, Data, Flight-Plan, Radio-Navigation, Fuel-Prediction, Secondary Flight-Plan, ATC Communications, MCDU Menu.

多用途控制和显示单元(MCDU)是飞行管理计算机的接口，该计算机可计算飞行计划。在本教程中，

首先，我们将简要介绍MCDU。Aerofly FS 2 A320 MCDU的行为与真实世界类似。某些功能尚不可用，但是将来可能会更改。

MCDU中的页面包括例如 “飞向”页面，进度，性能，初始，数据，飞行计划，无线电导航，燃料预测，辅助飞行计划，ATC通信，MCDU菜单。%{page-break|A320 MCDU简介|page-break}%

线路选择键

To the left and right of the MCDU display there are six line select keys (LSK). They serve the purpose to select something on the display, e.g. to insert a value into that field or to select a menu option to open other pages or options.

在MCDU显示屏的左右两侧，有六个线路选择键(LSK)。它们用于选择显示器上的某些内容，例如，将值插入该字段或选择菜单选项以打开其他页面或选项。

便笺

A text box at the bottom of the MCDU is used to type in values or identifiers but also show additional information, some warnings or error messages. After completing an entry a line select key is usually pressed to insert the entry into a field on the page.

The clear key in the lower right corner of the keyboard deletes the last character of the entry. When there is no text left in the scratchpad a “CLR” text is shown instead. With the CLR text in the scratchpad it is possible to remove entered values by pressing the respective line select key.

Press and hold the clear key to delete the entire entry.

MCDU底部的文本框用于键入值或标识符，但还显示其他信息，一些警告或错误消息。完成输入后，通常会按行选择键以将输入内容插入页面上的字段中。

键盘右下角的清除键将删除条目的最后一个字符。当暂存器中没有剩余文字时，将显示“ CLR”文字。使用暂存器中的CLR文本时，可以通过按相应的行选择键删除输入的值。

按住清除键可删除整个条目。

使用MCDU创建飞行计划

您还可以通过按CLR键，然后在INIT页A上删除FROM / TO字段，从MCDU中删除飞行计划。

DIFRIP

The page sequence to setup a typical flight is

•D- Data

•I- Init Page A (From/To, Alternate)

•F- Flight Plan

•R- Radio Navigation

•I- Init Page B (Weight & Balance and Fuel)

•P- Performance

设置典型航班的页面顺序为

•D-数据

•I-初始化页面A(来/到，备用)

•F-飞行计划

•R-无线电导航

•I-初始页B(重量和平衡及加油)

•P-成效

数据

The data page (A/C Status Page) shows up when the MCDU boots up. It can be opened manually by pressing the DATA key and then selecting the line select key 4L next to A/C STATUS. The data is verified, especially the navigation data base times.

MCDU启动时，将显示数据页面(A / C状态页面)。可以通过按DATA键然后选择A / C STATUS旁边的线路选择键4L手动打开它。数据经过验证，尤其是导航数据库的基础时间。

初始化页面A

Press the INIT button to see the first initialization page.

Enter the departure airport ICAO identifier, a slash and the destination airport ICAO identifier into the scratchpad. For the tutorial flight enter KSMF/KSFO. Push the line select key in 1R to insert the entry into the FROM/TO field.

Cheat: With an empty scratch-pad click the line select key next to the FROM/TO field. This will automatically fill the type the first part (nearest airport ICAO and a slash) into the scratchpad. When the first part has already been entered it will suggest the second part. This way you can quickly create a flight by just clicking the line select key 1R on the init page twice. This only works on the ground when the aircraft has not entered the takeoff phase yet.

Enter a flight number into the scratchpad (e.g. A1234) and press the LSK 3L to insert the FLT NBR.

Select a cost index, type 20 into the scratch-pad and select the LSK 5L. Higher cost index consumes more fuel and gets you to the destination faster. 0 would be minimum fuel consumption, 999 would be fastest possible.

Select a cruise altitude. For our flight 12 or 13000ft would be ok, so type 13000 and insert it into the CRZ FL field.

按下INIT按钮以查看第一个初始化页面。

在暂存器中输入出发机场ICAO标识符，斜杠和目标机场ICAO标识符。要进行教程飞行，请输入KSMF/KSFO。按1R中的线路选择键，将条目插入到FROM / TO字段中。

作弊：使用空的暂存器单击FROM / TO字段旁边的行选择键。这将自动将第一部分(最近的机场ICAO和斜线)的类型填充到暂存器中。输入第一部分后，将建议第二部分。这样，您只需单击初始化页面上的线路选择键1R两次即可快速创建航班。这仅在飞机尚未进入起飞阶段时才在地面上起作用。

在暂存器中输入航班号(例如A1234)，然后按LSK 3L插入FLT NBR。

选择一个成本指数，输入20暂存器，然后选择LSK 5L。较高的成本指数会消耗更多的燃料，并使您更快地到达目的地。0是最低油耗，999是最快可能。

选择巡航高度。对于我们的12或13000英尺的航班来说，可以，请输入13000并将其插入CRZ FL字段。

飞行计划 Flight-Plan 页面

选择出发地

From the flight plan page press the left line select key on the first line (LSK 1L) next to the departure airport ICAO identifier to select the departure airport and to perform a so called lateral revision (LAT REV).

Select the menu option DEPARTURE with the LSK 1L.

Use up/down the arrow keys on the MCDU to scroll through the departure runways if needed, press the left side line select key that is next to the runway “16R”.

Select the line select key in the lower right corner “TMPY INSERT” to execute the temporary flight plan.

在飞行计划页面中，在出发机场ICAO标识符旁边的第一行(LSK 1L)上按左行选择键，以选择出发机场并执行所谓的横向修订(LAT REV)。

使用LSK 1L选择菜单选项DEPARTURE。

如果需要，使用MCDU上的上/下箭头键滚动查看出发跑道，然后按下跑道“ 16R”旁边的左侧线选择键。

选择右下角“ TMPY INSERT”的线路选择键以执行临时飞行计划。

选择一个到达

From the flight plan page press the lower left line select key next to the destination ICAO identifier and from the LAT REV page select ARRIVAL.

Use the up/down arrows on the MCDU to scroll through the list until you see ILS28R (or just 28R works too). Push the up arrow to slide the contents of the page up, as if you were pushing a drum. Similarly push the down arrow to push the contents back down (scroll back up).

Select the line select key in the lower right corner “TMPY INSERT” to execute the temporary flight plan.

在飞行计划页面中，按目的地国际民航组织标识符旁边的左下方选择键，然后从LAT REV页面中选择ARRIVAL。

使用MCDU上的向上/向下箭头滚动列表，直到看到ILS28R(或者也可以使用28R)。按下向上箭头将页面内容向上滑动，就好像您在推动鼓一样。类似地，按下向下箭头可将内容向下推(向上滚动)。

选择右下角“ TMPY INSERT”的线路选择键以执行临时飞行计划。

添加航点

There are several ways to add waypoints to the flight plan. One option is manually typing the waypoint's name and then pressing the line select key where it should go in the list.

For the tutorial flight type OAK and click the line select key before the “28R” ILS approach.

有几种方法可以将航点添加到飞行计划中。一种选择是手动输入航路点的名称，然后在列表中应按其位置的行选择键。

对于本教程的航班类型OAK，然后在“ 28R” ILS进场之前单击线路选择键。

无线电导航

按RAD / NAV按钮显示“无线电导航”页面。本页显示如何调谐VOR1 / 2，ILS和ADF1 / 2的无线电接收器。您可以输入频率或电台的标识符，然后使用线路选择键插入您的输入。

如果将它们留空，则A320会自动为您填充这些内容，如果您输入内容，它将覆盖此自动调整。要恢复射频的自动调谐，您必须通过按清除键( CLR显示)，然后按其旁边的线路选择键来删除手动输入。

继续，SAC在我们的飞行计划附近输入萨克拉曼多VOR，然后将其插入VOR1字段。现在，萨克拉曼多已经过手动调谐，我们可以接收DME信息和该电台的半径。

155在航向字段中键入以设置到VOR站的155度入站航向。将导航显示(ND)切换到VOR ROSE模式，以查看典型的HSI视图。

初始化页面B

按下INIT按钮获取初始化页面A，然后按MCDU上的向左箭头按钮访问第二个初始化页面，Init Page B或INIT FUEL PRED。引擎启动后，您将被重定向到FUEL PRED页面，其工作方式类似。

输入以公吨为单位的零燃料重量(ZFW)和以百分比为单位输入零燃料重量重心(ZFWCG)。例如类型49.0/30.0。

作弊：使用空的暂存器，您可以单击ZFW / ZFWCG字段旁边的行选择键，它将自动为您填充暂存器。

输入以公吨为单位的块状燃料(例如FOB上的燃料，如ECAM上方屏幕所示)，例如7.2。

起飞性能

按PERF键打开性能页面。当您在地面上时，将显示起飞性能页面。

当飞机的登机和装载完成以及加油完成时，最后会填写性能页面。当跑道在最后一分钟发生变化时，必须重新访问此页面。

填写v速度V1，VR和V2。对于本教程的飞行就可以使用135，140和142。

输入起飞襟翼和可调整水平稳定器(THS)(起飞俯仰trim)，例如 1/UP0.0

插入一个高于外界空气温度的灵活起飞温度(FLEX TO TEMP)以减小起飞推力，这在现实世界中至少可以节省燃料并减轻发动机压力。当您的跑道较短和/或飞机很重时，请将此字段留空或什至将其清除。

确认推力减小(THR RED)和加速高度(ACC)。默认情况下，它们比场高高1000英尺，但对于某些偏离，可能需要更高的值，例如，为了降低噪音。

作弊：使用空的暂存器，您可以单击v速度，襟翼和Flex温度旁边的行选择键以接收建议的值。只需单击同一行选择键两次，即可快速填写整个页面。

作弊2：插入飞行计划后，您会看到UPLINK TO DATA选项。当您单击它时，将向公司发出请求，并返回计算出的性能数据。单击右下角的CONFIRM TO DATA一次插入所有字段。

如果需要，您可以为爬升阶段预先选择一个速度。为此，请选择NEXT PHASE选项，将所需的选定速度键入暂存器并将其插入PRESEL字段。例如，您可以输入210。飞机起飞后以预设速度飞行时，自动驾驶仪的速度目标将从管理更改为选定，并且预设速度将插入飞行控制单元(FCU)。这减少了工作量，基本上与拉动速度旋钮并拨入所需速度相同。